| IMG GERIATRIC MEDICINE (INTERNAL MEDICINE) The internist certified in geriatric medicine has special knowledge of the aging process and special skills in the diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and rehabilitative aspects of illness in the elderly. These specialists care for geriatric patients in the patient's home, the office, in long-term care settings such as nursing homes, and in the hospital. Geriatricians are trained to recognize the unusual presentations of illness and drug interactions, to utilize resources such as community social services, and to assist with special ethical issues in the care of the elderly. Examples of common geriatric conditions include incontinence, falls, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Sources such as community social services, and to assist with special ethical issues in the care of the elderly. Examples of common geriatric conditions include incontinence, falls, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Board of Family Practice offer a Certificate of Added Qualifications in Geriatric Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years GME in the specialty + 3 years of Internal Medicine for a total of 5 years.
BBK BLOOD BANKING/TRANSFUSION MEDICINE A physician specializing in blood banking is responsible for the maintenance of an adequate blood supply, blood donor and patient-recipient safety, and appropriate blood utilization. Pretransfusion compatibility testing and highly specialized testing procedures for antibodies under his/her direction assure the clinician and the patient that blood transfusions, when indicated, are as safe as possible. The blood bank specialist directs the preparation and safe use of specially prepared blood components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma constituents. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Pathology awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine + 5 years Anatomic/Clinical Pathology, for a total of 6 years; 1 year Blood Banking/ Transfusion Medicine + 4 years Clinical Pathology (e.g., 3 years of clinical pathology and the credentialing clinical year) for a total of 5 years.
CBG CLINICAL BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS Clinical biochemical geneticists demonstrate competence in performing and interpreting biochemical analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of human genetic diseases, and are consultants regarding laboratory diagnosis of a broad range of inherited disorders. Competence in this area implies that the individual is trained in:
Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. Certification Program Requirements: At least 2 years of postdoctoral training experience in a clinical biochemical genetics training program accredited by the American Board of Medical Genetics (ABMG). Source: American Board of Medical Genetics 09/1992
CCA CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (ANESTHESIOLOGY) The anesthesiologist who specializes in Critical Care Medicine is a physician who, after completion of anesthesiology training, must receive additional training in critical care because the requisite knowledge and skills extend beyond anesthesiology training and cross traditional specialty lines. The primary work place is an intensive or critical care unit. Anesthesiologists trained in critical care are qualified to diagnose, treat and support patients with multiple organ dysfunction. In addition, they may have administrative responsibilities for intensive care units and may participate in the training and medical direction of essential health care professionals such as nurses, respiratory therapists, and physicians in training. The critical care anesthesiologist, in addition to providing direct patient care, may also facilitiate and coordinate patient care among the primary physician, the critical care staff, and other specialists. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year GME in the specialty + 4 years of Anesthesiology including a clinical year, for a total of 5 years.
CCG CLINICAL CYTOGENETICS Clinical cytogeneticists demonstrate competence to provide cytogenetic laboratory diagnostic and clinical interpretative services. Competence in this area implies that the individual is trained in:
Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992 Certification Program Requirements: At least 2 years of post-doctoral experience in an ABMG-accredited cytogenetics training program. Source: American Board of Medical Genetics 09/1992
CCM CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (INTERNAL MEDICINE) The internist critical care specialist manages life-threatening disorders in intensive care units and other hospital settings. Shock, coma, heart failure, trauma, respiratory arrest, drug overdoses, massive bleeding, diabetic acidosis, and kidney failure are examples of conditions requiring critical care by internists.
CCP PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE The pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) specialist is a pediatrician with special competence in advanced life support for children from the term or near term neonate to the adolescent. This competence extends to the critical care management of life-threatening organ system failure from any cause in both medical and surgical patients and to the support of vital physiological functions. As a pediatric generalist, the PCCM specialist coordinates the multitude of health care plans prescribed for the patient by other involved physicians. The PCCM specialist has the responsibility to coordinate and order the priority of health care services provided by the Inensive Care Unit. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Pediatrics offers a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years of training in the specialty. Pre-requisite includes 3 years of Pediatrics.
CCS SURGICAL CRITICAL CARE See Surgery. A surgeon with special qualifications in the management of the critically ill and postoperative patient, particularly the trauma victim, in the emergency department, intensive care unit, trauma unit, burn unit, and other similar settings. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year Critical Care + 5 years General Surgery. The American Board of Surgery offers a Certificate of Added Qualifications in Surgical Critical Care.
CD CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Cardiovascular Medicine: Cardiologists subspecialize in diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels and manage complex cardiac conditions such as heart attacks and life-threatening abnormal heart beat rhythms. They often perform complicated diagnostic procedures such as cardiac catheterization and consult with surgeons on heart surgery. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Internal Medicine awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Cardiovascular Disease. ACGME Training Requirements: 3 years of GME in the subspecialty + 3 years of Internal Medicine for a total of 6 years.
CG CLINICAL GENETICS Clinical geneticists demonstrate competence to provide comprehensive diagnostic, management, and counseling services. Competence in this area implies that the individual is trained in:
PhD medical geneticists work in association with a medical specialist, be affiliated with a clinical genetics program, serve as a consultant to medical and dental specialists. Competence in this area implies that the individual is trained in:
Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. Certification Program Requirements: Completion of at least 2 years in an accredited clinical residency program in any medical or dental specialty. Completion of at least 2 years in a clinical genetics training program accredited by the ABMG. Source: American Board of Medical Genetics 09/1992
CHN CHILD / PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY Child Neurology focuses on the special skills required in the diagnosis and management of neurological disorders of the newborn infant, early childhood and adolescence. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology awards a General Certification for Neurology with Special Qualification in Child Neurology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 3 years GME in the specialty + 2 years in Pediatrics OR 1 year of Pediatrics + 1 year Internal Medicine OR 1 year Pediatrics + 1 year basic neuroscience training, for a total of 5 years.
CHP CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY A child and adolescent psychaitrist has devoted two additional years of training to the diagnosis and treatment of mental, addictive, and emotional disorders of childhood and adolescence. See Psychiatry. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years in Child Psychiatry + 3 years including 1 year in flexible first year of training (primary care) + 2 years in general psychiatry OR 2 years in Child Psychiatry + 4 years of Psychiatry including the flexible year.
CLP CLINICAL PATHOLOGY See Pathology. Clinical Pathology focuses on microbiology (including bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, and virology), immunopathology, blood banking/transfusion medicine, chemical pathology, cytogenetics, hematology, coagulation, toxicology, medical microscopy (including urinalysis), molecular biologic techniques, and other advanced diagnostic techniques as they become available. The American Board of Pathology awards separate General Certifications in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Anatomic Pathology, and Clinical Pathology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 3 years of GME in the specialty + American Board of Pathology requires 1 additional year for certification, for a total of 4 years.
CMG CLINICAL MOLECULAR GENETICS Note: Clinical Biochemical/Molecular Genetics as a subspecialty was offered only in 1990 with the American Board of Medical Genetics offering certification under the combined title. Clinical molecular geneticists demonstrate competence in performing and interpreting molecular analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of human genetic diseases, and are consultants regarding laboratory diagnosis of a broad range of inherited disorders. Competence in this area implies that the individual is trained in:
Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. Certification Program Requirements (for Clinical Molecular Genetics): Completion of at least 2 years in a molecular genetics training program accredited by the ABMG with at least half of the training period spent in laboratory work in molecular genetics and molecular diagnostics, handling clinical material with a broad range of cases and techniques. Source: American Board of Medical Genetics 09/1992
CN CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY See Psychiatry. Formal subspecialization exists in clinical neurophysiology that involves one additional year of training in the diagnosis and management of central and peripheral nervous system disorders using electrophysiological techniques. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialites, November 1992. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology awards a Certificate of Added Qualifications in Clinical Neurophysiology. Certification Program Requirements: Certification in General Psychiatry + 1 year fellowship no sooner than post-graduate year 5 OR 3 years full-time practice experience in clinical neurophysiology. Source: American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology 03/1992
CRS COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY A Board certified colon and rectal surgeon has completed at least five years of residency training in general surgery and one additional year devoted entirely to colon and rectal surgery. He/She has then passed both the Written (Qualifying) and Oral (Certifying) Examinations given by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery. As a result of their extensive training and experience, colon and rectal surgeons develop the knowledge and skills necessary to diagnose and treat various diseases of the intestinal tract, colon, rectum, anal canal and perianal area by medical and surgical means. They are also able to deal surgically with other organs and tissues (such as the liver, urinary and female reproductive system) involved with primary intestinal disease. A colon and rectal surgeon has expertise to diagnose and often manage anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoids, fissures (painful tears in the anal lining), abscesses and fistulae (infections located around the anus and rectum) in the office. Colon and Rectal Surgeons also treat problems of the intestine and colon and perform endoscopic procedures to detect and treat conditions of the bowel lining. Endoscopy involves the passage of lighted tubes through the bowel to evaluate and treat problems such as cancer, polyps, (pre-cancerous growths) and inflammatory conditions. The names used to describe these procedures include proctoscopy (procto), proctosigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Polyps can often be removed durng endoscopy without abdominal surgery. If cancers are detected, colon and rectal surgeons are able to plan the surgical treatment program based on their first hand visualization of the tumor, and follow up with endoscopic techniques. Colon and rectal surgeons perform abdominal surgical procedures involving the small bowel, colon and rectum. These include treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as chronic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as diverticulitis and cancer. Because of their expertise, colon and rectal surgeons are often able to treat cancer of the rectum without a colostomy. The management of intestinal infections such as diverticulitis, bacterial colon infections and intestinal parasites is also within the proficiency of the colon and rectal surgeon. Training in colon and rectal surgery also provides the specialist with an in-depth knowledge of intestinal and anorectal physiology required for the evaluation and treatment of problems such as constipation and incontinence (loss of bowel control). Colon and rectal surgeons are committed to the highest standards of care for patients with diseases affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery awards a General Certification in the specialty. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year GME in the specialty + 5 years General Surgery, for a total of 6 years.
CTS CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY Cardiothoracic Surgery combines Thoracic Surgery (TS) and Cardiovascular Surgery (CDS) as presented in the Spring 1994 edition of the Self-Designated Practice Specialty Guide, pp.8 and 62. The definition of Cardiothoracic Surgery is the same as that for Thoracic Surgery as follows (Dr. Olga Jonassen 1/22/96): Thoracic Surgery encompasses the operative, perioperative care, and critical care of patients with pathologic conditions within the chest. Included is the surgical care of coronary artery disease, cancers of the lung, esophagus and chest wall, abnormalities of the great vessels and heart valves, congenital anomalies, tumors of the mediastinum, and diseases of the diaphragm. The management of the airway and injuries of the chest is within the scope of the specialty. Certification by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery requires previous certification by the American Board of Surgery, plus a minimum two-year period of training in thoracic surgery, as well as passage of a two-part examination administered by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery. Thoracic surgeons have the knowledge, experience, and technical skills to accurately diagnose, operate upon safely, and effectively manage patients with intrathoracic maladies. This requires substantial knowledge of cardiorespiratory physiology and oncology, as well as capability in the use of extracorporeal circulation, cardiac assist devices, management of dysrhythmias, pleural drainage, respiratory support systems, endoscopy, and invasive and noninvasive diagnostic techniques. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years GME in the specialty + completion of a residency in General Surgery (5 years). Total of 7 years.
D DERMATOLOGY A dermatologist is a physician who has expertise in the diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric and adult patients with benign and malignant disorders of the skin, mouth, external genitalia, hair and nails, as well as a number of sexually transmitted diseases. Dermatologists have extensive training and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancers, melanomas, moles, and other tumors of the skin, contact dermatitis and other allergic and non-allergic disorders and in the recognition of the skin manifestations of systemic (including internal malignancy) and infectious diseases. The dermatologist also has expertise in the management of cosmetic disorders of the skin such as hair loss and scars. To be certified as a dermatologist, a physician must have had at least four years of post-graduate residency training accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The first broad-based, general clinical year is followed by three years of intensive training in dermtology including dermatopathology and dermatologic surgery. In addition to the successful completion of the four years of required training, the certification process includes a comprehensive examination administered by the American Board of Dermatology. With this background and knowledge, dermatologists are singularly qualified to diagnose and treat the wide variety of dermatologic conditions as well as benign and malignant skin tumors. Dermatologists also have expertise in the care of normal skin and in the prevention of skin diseases and skin cancers. Dermatologists perform many specialized diagnostic procedures including microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens, cytological smears, patch tests, photo tests, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations, fungus cultures and other microbiologic examination of skin scrapings and secretions. Treatment methods used by dermatologists include externally applied, injected, and internal medications, selected x-ray and ultraviolet light therapy, and a range of dermatologic surgical procedures. The training and experience of dermatologists in dermatologic surgery include electrosurgery, cryosurgery with the use of freezing surgical units, laser surgery, nail surgery, biopsy techniques and excisional surgery with appropriate closures, including flaps and grafts. Among some of the techniques used by dermatologists for the correction of cosmetic defects are dermabrasion, chemical face peels, hair transplants, injections of materials into the skin for scar revision, sclerosis of veins and laser surgery of vascular lesions of the skin, including certain birth marks. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Dermatology awards a General Certification in Dermatology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 3 years GME in the specialty + PGY-1 year (e.g., first post graduate year) in an accredited program, for a total of 4 years.
DDL CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DERMATOLOGICAL IMMUNOLOGY Note: Name change in 1993 to Clinical and Laboratory Dermatological Immunology from Dermatological Immunology/Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Immunodermatology: (Special Qualification in Dermatological Immunology/Diagnostic and Laboratory Immunology) An immunodermatologist is a dermatologist who, through additional special training, has developed expertise in the study of the cause, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of skin diseases involving the immune system. These physicians have a basic understanding of such diseases from the perspective of anatomic and clinical pathology, along with the accurate interpretation of immunologic analyses of tissue cells and body fluids. The immunodermatologist is knowledgeable and experienced in utilizing many forms of immunological treatments. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Dermatology awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Clinical and Laboratory Dermatological Immunology. Certification Program Requirements: 1 year fellowship training set by the Board of Dermatology for certification + 3 years accredited GME in Dermatology. The 1 year felowship is not under the purview of a residency review committee. Source: American Board of Dermatology 03/1992
DIA DIABETES Diabetes is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disorders that result from an impairment or loss of the pancreas' incretory function. A Diabetologist is an individual with a specific interest and expertise in the diagnosis and medical management of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The Board of Internal Medicine awards a Certificate of Special Qualfications for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism. No training programs in Diabetes alone available. See Endocrinology. Source: American Diabetes Association 09/1992
DMP DERMATOPATHOLOGY (PATHOLOGY) While all dermatologists have training and experience in dermatopathology, Special Qualification in Dermatopathology, signifying advanced competence, can be obtained by either a board certified dermatologist or pathologist. Special Qualification involves further extensive training and experience in the evaluation of tissue specimens submitted from dermatologic patients. These evaluations include the examination and interpretation of microscopic slides of thin tissue sections and smears, and scrapings from lesions of skin and related tissues. The dermatopatholgist has expertise in light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and laboratory management. A dermatopathologist is expert in diagnosing and monitoring disease of the skin including infectious immunolgic, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases. This entails the examination and interpretation of specially prepared tissue sections, cellular scrapings and smears of skin lesions by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. In order to fulfill his consulting role to the patient and to the patient's physician, the dermatopathologist is required to have a good general knowledge of medicine and an in-depth knowledge of dermatology, microbiology, parasitology, new technology, and laboratory management. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year of GME in the specialty + 4 years in Dermatology, for a total of 5 years OR 1 year in the specialty + 4 years in Anatomic Pathology OR 1 year in the specialty + 5 years in Anatomic/Clinical Pathology
DR DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY Diagnostic Radiology is that branch of Radiology which deals with the utilization of all modalities of radiant energy in medical diagnosis and therapeutic procedures utilizing radiologic guidance. This includes, but is not restricted to, imaging techniques and methodologies utilizing radiation emitted by x-ray tubes, radionuclides, ultrasonographic devices, and radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by atoms. Source: Which Medical Specialist is For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Radiology awards a General Certification in Diagnostic Radiology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 4 years GME in the specialty + a minimum of 40 months of training must be in the parent program. Total - 4 years.
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