| EM EMERGENCY MEDICINE Emergency Medicine is the medical specialty that focuses on the immediate decision making and action necessary to prevent death or any further disability. It is primarily hospital emergency department based, but with extensive pre-hospital responsibilities for emergency medical systems. The emergency physician provides immediate initial recognition, evaluation, care and disposition of a generally undifferentiated population of patients in response to acute illness and injury. The care provided by the emergency physician is episodic in nature and involves a full spectrum of physical and behavioral conditions. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Emergency Medicine awards a General Certification in Emergency Medicine and a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Pediatric Emergency Medicine. The American Board of Pediatrics awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Pediatric Emergency Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 3-4 years of GME in the specialty OR PG-1 year in any accredited program + 3 years of GME in the specialty, for a total of 3-4 years.
END ENDOCRINOLOGY The endocrinologist concentrates on disorders of the internal (endocrine) glands such as the thyroid and adrenal glands. Endocrinology also deals with disorders such as diabetes, metabolic and nutritional disorders, pituitary diseases, and menstrual and sexual problems. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Internal Medicine offers a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years in the subspecialty + 3 years of Internal Medicine for a total of 5 years.
ESM SPORTS MEDICINE (EMERGENCY MEDICINE) The (Emergency Medicine) physician specializing in sports medicine is trained to be responsible for continuous care in the field of sports medicine, not only the enhancement of health and fitness but the prevention of injury and illness. A sports medicine physician must have knowledge and experience in the promotion of wellness and the prevention of injury. Knowledge about the special areas of medicine such as exercise physiology, biomechanics, nutrition, psychology, physical rehabilitation and epidemiology are essential to the practice of sports medicine. The sports medicine physician requires special education to provide the knowledge to improve the health care of the individual engaged in physical exercise (sports) whether as an individual or in team participation. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Emergency Medicine (in a joint program with the American Boards of Family Practice, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics) offers a Certificate of Added Qualifications in Sports Medicine Certification Program Requirements A minimum of one year in a Sports Medicine fellowship program associated with an ACGME-accredited residency in Emergency Medicine, Family Practice, Internal Medicine, or Pediatrics OR through a Practice Pathway or Fellowship Training and Practice Pathway as specified by the Board(s). Source: American Boards of Family Practice, Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics 9/1993
ETX MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY (EMERGENCY MEDICINE) Physicians certified in Emergency Medicine and in different areas of primary care medicine who are certified in medical toxicology have special knowledge about the evaluation and management of patients with accidental or intentional poisoning through exposure to prescription and non-prescription medications, drugs of abuse, household or industrial toxins, and environmental toxins. The physicians provide specialty consultations through affiliations with regional poison control centers, or are recognized as specialists and provide to toxicological consultations within their respective medical institutions. The more important areas of medical toxicology include but are not limited to the following list subjects: acute pediatric and adult drug ingestion; drug abuse, addiction and withdrawal; chemical poisoning exposure and toxicity; hazardous materials exposure and toxicity; occupational toxicology; biological poisons; basic concepts of toxicology such as kinetics, dose-response relationships, indices of toxicity and safety standards; basic principles of poison prevention; basic principles of toxic exposure and preventive methodologies. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992.
FOP FORENSIC PATHOLOGY A forensic pathologist is expert in investigating and evaluating cases of sudden, unexpected, suspicious, and violent dealth as well as other specific classes of death defined by law. The forensic pathologist serves the public as coroner or medical examiner or by performing medicolegal autopsies for such officials. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Pathology awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Forensic Pathology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year in GME in the specialty + 4 years of Anatomic Pathology, for a total of 5 years OR 5 years in Anatomic/Clinical Pathology, for a total of 6 years.
FP FAMILY PRACTICE Family Physicians are trained to prevent, diagnose, and treat a wide variety of ailments in patients of all ages. They have received a broad range of training that includes surgery, psychiatry, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and geriatrics. They place special emphasis on care of families on a continuing basis, utilizing consultations and community resources when appropriate. They are able to apply modern techniques to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the vast majority of common illnesses and injuries. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Family Practice awards a General Certification in the specialty. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 3 years in the specialty. Credit from other residency programs may be transferred to the Family Practice program if deemed compatible with Family Practice with prior approval of the Family Practice Board.
FPG GERIATRIC MEDICINE (FAMILY PRACTICE) See Family Practice. With additional training, a Family Physician can become certified in geriatrics. A Family Physician with an added certificate in geriatrics is capable of advising older patients in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of disorders common to old age. Source: Which Medical Specialist for You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Boards of Family Practice and Internal Medicine award a Certificate of Added Qualifications in Geriatric Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years GME in the specialty + completion of a 3 year residency program in Family Practice or Internal Medicine, for a total of 5 years.
FPS FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY Facial Plastic and reconstructive surgery are fundamental areas of expertise in Otolaryngology. Facial Plastic Surgery focuses on the knowledge, skill, and understanding required to perform esthetic, plastic and reconstructive surgery of the face, head, and neck. Source: The American Board of Otolaryngology 03/1992 Training Programs and/or Fellowships, Preceptorships: Fellowships of 1 year duration available. Source: American Academy of Facial Plastic Reconstruction Surgery 08/1992. See also Otolaryngology.
ISM SPORTS MEDICINE (INTERNAL MEDICINE) (see ESM, Sports Medicine, Emergency Medicine)
LM LEGAL MEDICINE Legal Medicine is a special field of medicine that focuses on various aspects of medicine and law. Historically, the practice of legal medicine made contributions to medicine as a scientific instrument to solve criminal perplexities. Since World War II, the domain of legal medicine has broadened to include not only aspects of medical science to solve legal and criminal problems but aspects of the law as it applies to medicine. Legal Medicine continues to grow as medicolegal issues like medical malpractice and liability, government regulation of health care, issues of tort reform, and moral and ethical complexities presented by technological advances become increasingly prominent. Many medical schools have implemented courses which supply medicolegal instruction for medical students, and many law schools now offer medicolegal courses. Also, dual degree programs in law and medicine have been created to assist physicians to bridge the gap between medicine and the law. Training Programs, and/or Fellowships, Preceptorships: Certification available through the American Board of Legal Medicine. Note: The AMA recognizes only member Boards of The American Board of Medical Specialties. Source: American Board of Legal Medicine 08/1992
MDM MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Medical Management encompasses all physicians who devote the substantial majority of their time to administrative medicine, including work in medical societies, academic organizations, health systems and other for-profit and not-for-profit institutions and organizations. As defined by the American College of Physician Executives Medical Management is the field of medicine specializing in:
ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: Not Applicable. ABMS Certification Requirements: Not Applicable. For more information contact the American College of Physician Executives (Tampa, Fla.).
MFM MATERNAL AND FETAL MEDICINE A maternal-fetal-medicine specialist is a specialist in obstetrics and gynecology who by virtue of additional education is prepared to care for or provide consultation on patients with complications of pregnancy. This requires advanced knowledge in the obstetrical, medical and surgical complications of pregnancy and their effect on both the mother and the fetus. It also requires expertise in the most current diagnostic and treatment modalities used in the care of patients with complicated pregnancies. Advanced knowledge of newborn adaptation also is necessary to ensure a continuum of excellence in care from the fetal to newborn periods. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Maternal and Fetal Medicine. Training Requirements: 4 years in an Obstetrics and Gynecology GME program + at least 2-3 years in a Maternal and Fetal Medicine Program. This program is determined by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Certification Requirements: Certification in Obstetrics and Gynecology + 2-3 year fellowship program in Maternal and Fetal Medicine. Contact the Board for possible Pathways. Source: The American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology 3/1994
MG MEDICAL GENETICS The medical geneticist is a specialist trained in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for patients with genetic-linked diseases. Individual genetic diseases can now be recognized by suitably trained specialists with the assistance of modern cytogenetic, radiologic, and biochemical testing. Such diagnostic information can assist the medical geneticist in specializing genetic counseling, the implementation of needed therapeutic interventions, and the prospective prevention through prenatal diagnosis. The medical geneticist plans and coordinates large-scale screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism, hemoglobinopathies, chromosome abnormalities, and neural tube defects. The medical geneticist provides the genetic services for patients with such a spectrum of genetic diseases. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. Certification Program Requirements: Completion of at least 2 years in a post-graduate medical genetics training program accredited by the ABMG. Source: American Board of Medical Genetics 09/1992
MM MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY A medical microbiologist devotes expertise to the isolation and identification of microbial agents that cause infectious disease. Viruses, bacteria, and fungi, as well as single-cell and larger parasites are identified and, where possible, tested for susceptibility to appropriate antimicrobial agents. This pathologist frequently acts as consultant to primary care physicians in the diagnosis and selection of therapy for patients with infectious disease, to the hospital quality assurance program in the area of infection control, and to the hospital pharmacy in the area of antibiotic utilization. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Pathology issues a Certificate of Special Qualifications for Medical Microbiology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year of GME in the specialty + 5 years of Anatomic/Clinical Pathology, for a total of 6 years OR 1 year of GME in the specialty + 4 years of Clinical Pathology for a total of 5 years.
MPD INTERNAL MEDICINE/PEDIATRICS See definitions for (IM) Internal Medicine, p. 31, and (PD) Pediatrics, p. 53, in the Spring 1994 Self-Designated Practice Specialty (SDPS) Reference Guide. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: No separate program. See Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. ABMS Certification Requirements: A special agreement exists with the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) whereby an applicant may fulfill the training requirements of both the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) and the ABIM by completing 2 years of accredited training in general comprehensive pediatrics and 2 years of accredited training in general comprehensive internal medicine. The 4 years should be completed in the same combined training program. Exceptions must be approved by both the ABP and the ABIM. Continuity clinics in each specialty must be provided throughout the 4 years. Guidelines for combined training have been approved by both the ABP and ABIM and are available by writing either office. Source: Graduate Medical Education Directory 1995-1996 Appendix B—Medical Specialty Board Certification Requirements, p. 1007. American Medical Association, 1995.
MPH PUBLIC HEALTH AND GENERAL PREVENTIVE MEDICINE NOTE:The code for Public Health and General Preventive Medicine has changed from PH to MPH for consistency with how the specialty is reported by Residency Program Directors on the Census of Graduate Medical Training (CGMT) Survey. Preventive Medicine is that specialty which focuses on the health of individuals and defined populations in order to protect, promote and maintain health and well-being, and to prevent disease, disability and premature death. In addition to the knowledge of basic and clinical sciences and the skills common to all physicians, the distinctive components of Preventive Medicine include:
Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Preventive Medicine awards a General Certification in Public Health and General Preventive Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 3 years GME as part of Preventive Medicine.
N NEUROLOGY The specialty of Neurology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, and autonomic nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures. The neurologist serves as a consultant to other physicians but also is often the principal or primary physician and may render all levels of care commensurate with his/her training. This may include continuing care of outpatients and/or inpatients. The neurologist will often perform and interpret certain tests that relate to the central or peripheral nervous system or muscles. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology awards a General Certification in Neurology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 3 years of GME in the specialty + 1 year of primary care including at least 6 mos. in Internal Medicine, for a total of 4 years OR 2 years in the specialty + 2 years of clinical primary care, for a total of 4 years.
NEP NEPHROLOGY The nephrologist is concerned with disorders of kidney, high blood pressure, fluid and mineral balance, dialysis of body wastes when the kidneys do not function, and consultation with surgeons about kidney transplanation. The American Board of Internal Medicine awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Nephrology. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years GME in the subspecialty + 3 years of Internal Medicine for a total of 5 years.
NM NUCLEAR MEDICINE Nuclear medicine is the medical specialty that employs the nuclear properties of radioactive and stable nuclides in diagnosis, therapy and research. These properties are used to evaluate metabolic, physiologic, and pathologic conditions in both the clinical and laboratory settings. A specialist in nuclear medicine is a physician who has been awarded a medical degree from an approved medical or osteopathic school, has satisfactorily completed two or more years of residency training in a general medical specialty and two additional years of nuclear medicine residency in accredited residency programs. He has satisfactorily passed a rigorous written examination encompassing the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of radioactive materials and in the related physical and biological sciences. The professional competence of nuclear medicine physicians is in the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of radionuclides including: radiommunoassay; therapy with radioisotopically labelled antibodies; positron emission tomography (PET); and single-proton emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Additionally, the nuclear medicine physician has special knowledge in the biologic effects of radiation exposure; the principles of radiation safety and protection; the management of patients who have been exposed to ionizing radiation; and special knowledge in the physical sciences encompassing the fundamentals of nuclear physics and nuclear magnetic resonance; the principles and operation of radiation detection and nuclear imaging instrumentation systems; statistics and fundamentals of computer sciences. The nuclear medicine specialist serves as a consultant to physicians, obtaining pertinent information from patients as necessary by means of history and physical examination and selecting and carrying out appropriate diagnostic or therapeutic uses of radionuclides. The nuclear medicine physician has broad knowledge and experience in medicine and is capable of extending the scope of nuclear medicine as the specialty evolves and expands. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Nuclear Medicine awards a General Certification in Nuclear Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years GME in the specialty + 2 years clinical primary care for a total of 4 years.
NP NEUROPATHOLOGY A neuropathologist is expert in the diagnosis of disease of the nervous system and skeletal muscles and functions as a consultant primarily to neurologists and neurosurgeons. The neruopathologist is knowledgeable in the infirmities of man as they affect the nervous and neuromuscular systems be they degenerative, infectious, metabolic, immunologic, neoplastic, vascular, or physical in nature. In the diagnosis of these diseases, the neuropathologist employs the special skills and techniques necessary for the scientific study of tissues, cells, and body fluids. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Pathology awards a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Neuropathology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years GME in the specialty + 5 years Anatomic/Clinical Pathology for a total of 7 years OR 2 years GME + 4 years Anatomic Pathology for a total of 6 years.
NPM NEONATAL-PERINATAL MEDICINE A specialist in neonatal-perinatal medicine is the principal care provider for sick newborn infants. He/she brings extensive experience derived from an intensively focused clinical interest in the problems of newborns. This clinical expertise is used for direct patient care and for consulting with obstetrical colleagues to plan the care of mothers who have high-risk pregnancies. The extensive and focused clinical experience with sick newborns prepares the specialist as a consultant to general pediatricians as they routinely care for most newborns. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Pediatrics issues a Certificate of Special Qualifications in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 2 years of GME in the specialty + 3 years of Pediatrics + 1 additional year in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine for certification. Total-6 years.
NR NUCLEAR RADIOLOGY Nuclear Radiology is that branch of Radiology which involves the analysis and imaging of radionuclides and radiolabeled substances in vitro and in vivo for diagnosis and the administration of radionuclides and radiolabeled substances for the treatment of disease. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Radiology awards a Certificate of Added Qualifications in Nuclear Radiology. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 1 year of training in the specialty + 4 years of training in diagnostic radiology.
NS NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY Neurological Surgery is the discipline of medicine and that specialty of surgery which provides the operative and non-operative management (i.e., prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, critical care and rehabilitation) of disorders of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous sytems, including their supporting structures and vascular supply; the evaluation and treatment of pathological processes which modify function or activity of the nervous system, including the hypophysis; and the operative and non-operative management of pain. Neurological Surgery encompases treatment of patients with disorders of the nervous system: the brain, meninges, skull and their blood supply, including the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries; disorders of the pituitary gland; disorders of the spinal cord, meninges and spine, including treatment by fusion or instrumentation; and disorders of the cranial and spinal nerves throughout their distribution. Source: Which Medical Specialist For You, The American Board of Medical Specialties, November 1992. The American Board of Neurological Surgery awards a General Certification in Neurological Surgery. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: 5 years of GME in the specialty + 1 year of General Surgery for a total of 6 years.
NSP PEDIATRIC SURGERY (NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY) Pediatric neurological surgery is the specialty that focuses on unique aspects of nervous system diseases and disorders in infants and children, their diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, critical care and rehabilitation. The specialty involves related disciplines such as child neurology, pediatric neuro-oncology, neuroradiology, infectious disease as well as research. This specialist also has background in clinical pediatric neurological surgery to include management responsibilities for intensive care patients. Pediatric neurological surgery cases include congenital disorders, neoplasia, trauma, infection and vascular disease. Source: The AMA Graduate Medical Education Directory, 1993-1994. ACGME Accredited Program Requirements: At least 36 months of clinical neurological surgery training including the chief resident year in an ACGME - accredited neurological surgery program. The additional pediatric training is not considered as part of the 36 month minimum clinical surgery requirement for neurological surgery residency training. The period of training is 2 years and must not include pediatric rotations completed during the basic 36 months of clinical neurological surgery.
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